一(yi)方面，表現在利用(yong)表面積很大的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)根(gen)(gen)系在水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)濃密的網，吸附水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)大量(liang)的懸浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，并逐漸在植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)根(gen)(gen)系表面形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)，膜(mo)(mo)中(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吞(tun)噬和(he)代(dai)謝水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)為無機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，使(shi)其成(cheng)(cheng)為植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的營養物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)轉化為植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)細胞的成(cheng)(cheng)分，促進其生(sheng)(sheng)長，最后通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)收割浮島植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)捕(bu)獲(huo)魚蝦減少水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)營養鹽(yan)；另一(yi)方面，浮島通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)遮擋陽光(guang)抑制藻類(lei)的光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)，減少浮游(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)長量(liang)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)接觸沉淀作(zuo)用(yong)促使(shi)浮游(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沉降，有效(xiao)防止“水(shui)(shui)(shui)華(hua)”發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，提高水(shui)(shui)(shui)體的透(tou)明度(du)，其作(zuo)用(yong)相對于前(qian)者更為明顯(xian)，同時浮島上(shang)的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)供鳥類(lei)棲息，下部(bu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)根(gen)(gen)系形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)魚類(lei)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲生(sheng)(sheng)息環境。

生態浮(fu)床有凈(jing)化水質、美化水面景觀(guan)、提供(gong)水生生物棲息空間及(ji)進行環境教育等多種功(gong)能。其優(you)點如下：

（1）浮島(dao)浮體可大可小(xiao)，形狀(zhuang)變化多樣，易于制作和搬(ban)運；

（2）跟人(ren)工濕地(di)相比，植物更容(rong)易栽培(pei)；

（3）無需專人管理，只需定(ding)期清理，大大減少人工和設(she)備(bei)的投資(zi)，降(jiang)低(di)了維護保(bao)養費和設(she)備(bei)的運行費用等。